Second language users exhibit shallow morphological processing

Abstract

The present study tests the Shallow Structure Hypothesis (SSH), which claims that compared to L1 processing, L2 language processing generally underuses grammatical information, prioritizing nongrammatical information. Specifically, this cross-modal priming study tests SSH at the level of morphology, investigating whether late advanced L2 learners construct hierarchically structured representations for trimorphemic derived words during real-time processing as native speakers do. Our results support SSH. In lexical decision on English trimorphemic words (e.g., unkindness or [[un-[kind]]-ness]), L1 recognition of the targets was facilitated by their bimorphemic morphological-structural constituent primes (e.g., unkind), but not by their bimorphemic nonconstituent primes (e.g., kindness), which were only semantically and formally related to the target. In contrast, L2 recognition was equally facilitated by both constituent and nonconstituent primes. These results suggest that unlike L1 processing, L2 processing of multimorphemic words is not mainly guided by detailed morphological structure, overrelying on nonstructural information.

1 Description

Group

Participant group (L1, L2).

ID

Subject unique identifier.

List

Word list.

Target

Target word.

RT

Reaction time (ms).

RT_log

Logged reaction time.

Critical_Filler

Whether the trial is a critical or a filler trial.

Word_Nonword

Whether the word is a real word or a nonce word (only word is present in the data).

Relation_type

Whether the relation type is Unrelated, Constituent, or NonConstituent.

Branching

Whether the trial word is Left-branching or Right-branching.